Jorge Sastre, Javier Ibáñez, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 419, 2003, 114706, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2022.114706

A new formula to write the forward error of Taylor approximations of analytical functions in terms of the backward error of those approximations is given, overcoming problems of the backward error analysis that use inverse functions. Examples for the backward error analysis of functions such as the matrix cosine cos(A) or cos(sqrt(A)) are given.